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The detailed syllabus of strength of materials laboratory is as follows. To impart knowledge and skill relevant to the mechanical properties of materials subjected to different types of loading on wood and steel. Vernier caliper. By using Vernier caliper measure the diameter of the wire of the spring and also the diameter of spring coil. Count the number of turns. Insert the spring in the spring testing machine and load the spring by a suitable weight and note the corresponding axial deflection in compression.
Increase the load and take the corresponding axial deflection readings. Plot a curve between load and deflection. The shape of the curve gives the stiffness of the spring. Rigidity Scale readings Deflection in Stiffness S. Under compression test on open coil helical spring a. UTM with double shear chuck 2. Vernier Caliber 3. Test Specimen. It has been observed that the effect of shearing stress as compared to bending stress is quite negligible.
But sometimes, the shearing stress at a section assumes much importance in design calculations. Universal testing machine is used for performing shear, compression and tension. There are two types of UTM. Screw type 2. Hydraulic type. Hydraulic machines are easier to operate.
They have a testing unit and control unit connected to each other with hydraulic pipes. It has a reservoir of oil, which is pumped into a cylinder, which has a piston. By this arrangement, the piston is made to move up. Same oil is taken in a tube to measure the pressure.
This causes movement of the pointer, which gives reading for the load applied. Range : 0 - KN. Measure the diameter of the hole accurately.
Insert the specimen in position and grip one end of the attachment in the upper portion and the other end in the lower portion. Switch on the main switch on the universal testing machine. Bring the drag indicator in contact with the main indicator. Gradually move the head control lever in left hand direction till the specimen shears.
Note down the load at which specimen shears. Stop the machine and remove the specimen. Static tension tests of un notched specimens do not always reveal the susceptibility of a metal to brittle fracture. Modulus of rigidity 2. Shear stress. Measure the diameter and length of the given rod. The rod is fixing in to the grip of machine.
Set the pointer on the torque measuring scale. The handle of machine is rotate in one direction. The torque and angle of test are noted for five degree. Now the handle is rotated in reverse direction and rod is taken out. Fix upper and lower pressure plate on the lower cross head and lower table respectively.
Place the specimen on the lower compression plate. According to the marking on the compression plate in order to give the complete cross section of the specimen a chance to participate equally in the acceptance load. Then adjust the zero by lifting the lower table.
Operate the upper cross head to grip the upper end of the test piece. The left valve in the UTM is kept in fully closed position and the right valve in the normal open position. Open the right valve and close it after lower table is slightly lifted. Adjust the load to zero by using the push button. Operate the lower grip operation handle lift the lower cross head up and grip fully the lower part of the specimen then lock the specimen in this position by operation jaw locking handle.
Turn the right control valve slowly to open the position until anticlockwise we get a assumed loading mass. After that we will find that the specimen is under load and the under the locking handle. Bending Test Attachment 2. Specimen for bending test 3. Dial gauge 4. Scale 5. Measure the length L of the given specimen. Fix the attachment for the bending test in the machine properly.
While placing, ensure that the tangential surface nearer to heart will be the top surface and receives the load. Measure the breadth b and depth d of the specimen using scale.
Place the dial gauge under this specimen at the centre and adjust the dial gauge reading to zero position. Place the load cell at top of the specimen at the centre and adjust the load indicator in the digital box to zero position.
Select a strain rate of 2. Apply the load continuously at a constant rate of 2. Spring test machine 2. Tension spring specimen 3. Measure the outer diameter D and diameter of the spring coil D for the given tension spring. Count the number of turns i. Fit the specimen in the top of the hook of the spring testing machine. Adjust the wheel at the top of the machine so that the other end of the specimen can be fitted to the bottom hook in the machine.
Note down the initial reading from the scale in the machine. Apply a load of 25kg and note down the scale reading. Increase the load at the rate of 25kg up to a maximum of kg and note down the corresponding scale readings. Find the actual deflection of the spring for each load by deducting the initial scale reading from the corresponding scale reading. Calculate the modulus of rigidity for each load applied by using the following formula:. Find the values of modulus of rigidity and spring constant of the given spring by taking average values.
Outer diameter of the spring. Muffle furnace: tongs 2. Given material: C steel 3. Strain Measurement using Rosette strain gauge. Effect of hardening- Improvement in hardness and impact resistance of steels. Tempering- Improvement Mechanical properties Comparison.
Microscopic Examination of. Determination of the Coefficient of discharge of given Orifice meter.
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